Installing Drupal on Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
I thought I'd write up the steps I took to get Drupal running on a stock Leopard installation. You may wish to save some time and install MAMP instead. Especially if you need GD support (i.e., you're going to have Drupal do image resizing). Update 17-Dec-2007: In fact, I recommend using MAMP instead.
Step 1: Enable PHP
Uncomment line 114 in /etc/apache2/httpd.conf to enable Leopard's built-in PHP:
LoadModule php5_module libexec/apache2/libphp5.so
Start Apache 2 by using the Sharing panel in Preferences or at the command line with the following:
sudo apachectl start
(If Apache was already running, use restart instead of start.)
Place a test document into the default htdocs root to see if php is running. I created /Library/WebServer/Documents/phpinfo.php with the following content:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
Now going to http://localhost/phpinfo.php shows me the info page for PHP 5.2.4. Yay!
Step 2: Friendly Virtual Hosts in Apache
I don't like keeping my websites in /Library/WebServer/Documents. It's a cumbersome place; I'd much rather keep them in /Users/john/Sites. That's right in my home directory and when I copy or sync my home directory I get the sites I'm working on, too. But using Leopard's built-in URL support for my home directory is verbose, too:
http://localhost/~john/sitename
I'd much rather use a nice short URL like http://dev/sitename. So first I assigned the name dev to my computer by adding a line to /etc/hosts:
##
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting. Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1 dev
127.0.0.1 localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
...Since Leopard caches DNS queries, we force it to reread /etc/hosts by using dscacheutil which replaces the lookupd utility that was in OS X 10.4.
dscacheutil -flushcache
I changed /etc/apache2/users/john.conf from
<Directory "/Users/john/Sites/">
Options Indexes MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>to
<Directory "/Users/john/Sites/">
Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
# Allow .htaccess files to override httpd.conf.
AllowOverride All
# No access allowed.
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
# Except from this machine.
Allow from 127.0.0.1
</Directory>
# Enable virtual hosts.
NameVirtualHost *:80
# Point virtual host to our directory.
<Virtualhost *:80>
DocumentRoot /Users/john/Sites
Servername dev
</Virtualhost>You can test that everything works and you didn't make any typos by using
sudo apachectl configtest
which should tell you that the syntax of your Apache configuration files is OK (it will point you to the line containing the error otherwise). If all is OK, restart Apache to effect the changes:
sudo apachectl restart
Now you should be able to go to http://dev/ in your browser, and the file at /Users/john/Sites/index.html should be displayed.
Installing MySQL
There was no friendly installer for OS X 10.5 so I used the OS X package for 10.4. It ran fine.
It was unclear from my web searches whether the startup item for MySQL is working on Leopard. So I created the following file at /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.mysql.mysqld.plist to autostart MySQL (thanks Joannou Ng):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>KeepAlive</key> <true/> <key>Label</key> <string>com.mysql.mysqld</string> <key>Program</key> <string>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe</string> <key>RunAtLoad</key> <true/> </dict> </plist>
Before I restarted, I wanted to make sure that mysql would be in my PATH environment variable when I restart. So I created a file at /etc/paths.d/mysql containing
/usr/local/mysql/binFor more information on this, type man path_helper.
Then I restarted to make sure that MySQL would launch. Yes, it's running:
ps -ax | grep my
40 ?? 0:00.01 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
88 ?? 0:00.11 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.pidNow to set it up securely.
mysql_secure_installation
This allows you to set a root password, disallow remote root logins, and generally tighten up MySQL security.
It's nice to be able to tweak MySQL parameters, so I created a my.cnf file:
sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
The only thing I tweaked in the my.cnf file was to add one line under the [mysqld] heading to prevent MySQL from listening on port 3306 (I don't like unnecessary open ports):
skip-networking
Now I can create a database for Drupal to use:
mysql -uroot -p
mysql> CREATE DATABASE drupaldb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)One more thing. PHP and MySQL are confused about which socket to use (/tmp/mysql.sock vs. /var/mysql/mysql.sock). So let's provide a symlink so they can use either one:
sudo mkdir /var/mysql
sudo ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/mysql/mysql.sockInstalling Drupal
Pull down a copy of Drupal 5 from the CVS repository:
cd ~/Sites
cvs -z9 -d:pserver:anonymous:anonymous@cvs.drupal.org:/cvs/drupal checkout -r DRUPAL-5 drupalChange permissions on the settings file so the installer can modify it:
chmod o+w drupal/sites/default/settings.php
Run the Drupal installer by going to http://dev/drupal.
Remove the permissions from the settings file:
chmod o-w drupal/sites/default/settings.php
And create Drupal's files directory:
mkdir /Users/john/Sites/drupal/files
sudo chown www /Users/john/Sites/drupal/filesRejoicing
Now I've got an easy setup where I can create my Drupal sites under /Users/john/Sites and refer to them with short names like http://dev/foo. MySQL is running nicely. Public access to my dev sites is disabled by Apache. Life is good.
Thanks for the PHP and MySQL tips
Wow! I am glad I Googled your blog. I thought I knew how to install MySQL but was baffled under Leopard. Thanks for the research effort and the great help!
Andy
- reply
]MAMP
You're welcome, Andy. But. After dragging my feet for a long time and insisting on doing things the "native" way, I'm now a big MAMP fan for development.
- reply
]Unfortunately the PHP
Unfortunately the PHP version that ships with 10.5 does not include GD support. This means that you'll need to build your own, unless there's a package for it somewhere.
- reply
]More Thanks
Hey John. Thank you so much for this excellent tutorial. Everything went very smoothly.
If you haven't already, i'd appreciate you expanding a bit on why you prefer MAMP over this method. I, for one, don't see the value of downloading and installing a 127MB framework to do something that is already supported (semi) natively. I recognize this is a naive viewpoint, and i'd love to hear more on this issue.
Thanks again for this tutorial. It was very clear and helpful.
- reply
]Why MAMP
Leopard's built-in PHP does not support dynamic extensions or PECL. So when you want to use APC for caching, or memcache, or other interesting PHP extensions that Apple does not provide you are in for a lot of pain and wasted time and effort. With MAMP it's simple. Also, with MAMP you have ownership of the conf files, so editing settings for PHP or Apache is quick and simple without a stop for authentication every time. (Of course, you want to set up your environment securely if you are on the internet.) Just for comparison, it took me about a day, off and on, to write the instructions in this blog post. By comparison, MAMP took less than an hour. Your time is worth a lot. Also, note that MAMP is for a development environment, not a production server.
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]Native vs MAMP
Hello, John,
Thanks for sharing this writeup, and on sharing your perspective on using the Apple's built-in PHP support vs MAMP.
I have been wondering about this for a while, particularly with regards to Drupal -- I'll now be referring all questions to this post :)
Heck, if John VanDyk says it, it *must* be true!
Cheers,
Bill
- reply
]Great Blog!
This is a great blog piece. I am very happy about finding it. I'm hosting a web site on a Mac Mini and I don't want to use MAMP for production. I have everything working except for GD so I'm still looking. You've solved my MySQL startup problem which I appreciate greatly.
Great work! I'll post what I can find regarding GD.
- reply
]One more thing...
You need to initiate your MySQL Start daemon:
Load the MySQL launchd configuration file:
sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.mysql.mysqld.plist
- reply
]Great Tutorial, but . . .
Great tutorial, John. Your wording helped me a lot but I am still hung up on something that must be missing. I'm using Leopard. There was no "Sites" in my user directory (I think I deleted it long before ago). So I copied the one from the "Guest" user. There were also no files at all in the /private/etc/apache2 directory so I copied yours into it changing the John to my user name (david). I then ran the configtest and got the following error message: "David-Crellens-Computer:/ david$ sudo apachectl configtest
Syntax error on line 2 of /private/etc/apache2/users/david.conf:
Invalid command '\xca', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration".
I removed all content of the file and saved it as a blank file. configtest passed the test and server worked as before I started this. I then put just a commented line in the file and saved it. configtest failed with same error msg as above. I tried searching on the '\xca' command and got no results. Any ideas?
I'm leery about implementing MAMP because I've already updated PHP from MAMP's version and I already have an up and running MySQL that I'd hate to replace.
- reply
]Great Tutorial, but . . .
In search of solving Web Serving problems with Leopard I learned that Leopard installs Apache2 in place of Apache1. Apache2 does some things slightly different but also in searching I found a shell script that is the cat's meow. It sets up virtual hosts for you in almost the Mac way, i.e., little hastle. Here is the info:
Go to Patrick Gibson's website: phttp://patrickgibson.com/news/andsuch/000091.php and download the script: virtualhost.sh
Use it in terminal like this:
sudo /users/david/-sites/virtualhost.sh crellen
It takes care of everything. Basically, after taking care of the httpd.conf prerequisites, it sets up a new file for each new host in /private/etc/apache2/virtualhosts/ and even creates the host directory if you didn't do that yet.
Run the script and you’re done. It rocks.
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]mysql installation
this is really very helpful tutorial indeed. At the same time I got a problem after initial installation of MySQL everything was just fine until I wanted to call from command line mysql. It did not start. Neither mysql_secure_installation. What I found is that neither of this appeared in /usr/bin directory. SO, if type ./bin/mysql it works just fine. What I suppose to do make this thing working? Thanks.
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]Thanks!
This was a great tutorial. Definitely a cut above the standard . I was up and running with Drupal in about an hour. I look forward to your new book!
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]Thanks
Thanks for your research, I'll probably stick MAMP too.
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]Thanks
Thanks, this is clear and helped me a lot.
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]Drupal Configuration
Hi,
Thanks so much for your tutorial, it's helped me get so far.
But I'm having one final problem with the last step "Run the Drupal installer by going to http://dev/drupal".
I keep getting a 404 Error when I go to that address, even though I've followed all the other instructions (http://dev/ comes up as the apache webpage, drupal installed in root).
Thanks!
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]Post new comment